Yes, the projectiles of Aimed Shot and Chaos Bolt travel at different speeds. A lot of projectiles travel at different speeds, and it is intended. It's a game mechanic that's been present since the inception of the game. It's played a huge role in setups and spell combinations throughout the game.
I don't know how much you've fared at endgame throughout the different expansions, but there have been plenty of examples of that mechanic (different projectile speeds), which are pretty hard to overlook if I'm being honest.
One of the very noticeable ones is "Greater Pyroblast" (a pvp talent introduced to fire mages in 2016). This is probably the slowest travelling projectile, casted spell in the game.
In the past, it's why you'd see smart locks use coil at certain moments. Either at point blank range, out of a cc, when enemy is on GCD, or if they have no way to immune it (no block, cloak, vanish, NE meld etc.). Fire and pom pyro mages used the same kind of logic as well.
Other examples are ele shamans opting for chain lightning over lava burst on elemental mastery (because it's instant, so it's harder to react to / mitigate).
And another fun fact, damage registers before healing / has priority in this game, which is also an intended mechanic. So if a damage and healing spell lands at the same time, the damage will apply first, and if that damage is enough to kill you, then you die before the healing will register.
The more you know.
